湖北红点唇瓢虫对矢尖蚧的捕食作用

本文于1986～1987年,在贵阳市花溪地区研究了自然条件下湖北红点唇瓢虫与矢尖蚧两种群的消长动态。在实验条件下测定了湖北红点唇瓢虫对矢尖蚧的功能反应以及温度对功能反应的影响。     

Functional Growth Model for Pod Development in Greengram and Blackgram

Identification of readily measured traits that are associated with higher productivity of field crops is important to breeders. The objective of this study was to find out whether pod filling rate or duration of pod filling greatly decide final pod weight in greengram and blackgram. The effective pod filling duration is only 16 days in both the crops. Pod filling rate is more important than duration of pod development. Richards function is found to more closely fit the data on pod development from anthesis to maturity in both the species.     

牦牛放牧率对江河源区混播禾草地上初级生产量及种间竞争力的影响

在江河源区2龄混播禾草草地(垂穗披碱草 星星草)上牦牛放牧试验结果表明: 随着放牧率的增加,在生长期内不同功能群地上净初级生产量和总地上初级生产量均出现了单峰曲线变化,即“S”型变化趋势; 总的地上净初级生产量和垂穗披碱草地上净初级生产量对放牧率的变化很敏感, 且随着放牧率的增加, 峰值出现日期提前; 其它禾草和星星草的峰值对放牧率的变化不很敏感;莎草类和杂草类对放牧率的变化比较敏感。随放牧率的增加, 地上现存量和总地上初级生产量的峰值下降, 且达到峰值的时间提前。在整个放牧期(植物生长期),重度放牧的RYT值均小于1,表明重度放牧使垂穗披碱草和星星草一直处于拮抗状态,其它各处理组在生长中后期也处于拮抗状态; 不同放牧率(包括对照)下垂穗披碱草的竞争力强于星星草, 垂穗披碱草因其高度和发达而较深的根系成为竞争的优胜者。     

异色瓢虫成虫对榆紫叶甲卵的捕食作用

为探明异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis Pall.)成虫对榆紫叶甲(Ambrostoma quadriimopressum Motschulsky)卵的控制效能,开展了异色瓢虫成虫对榆紫叶甲卵的捕食功能反应与寻找效应研究。结果表明:在供试温度下,异色瓢虫捕食功能反应符合Holling II型方程,χ2适合性检验表明圆盘方程的预测值与实测值相符;在相同温度下,异色瓢虫成虫的捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而增大;搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低;在供试温度范围内,随温度的升高,异色瓢虫成虫对榆紫叶甲卵的捕食量增加;在相同猎物密度条件下,随异色瓢虫成虫密度的增大,其平均捕食量逐渐减少,捕食作用率也相应降低,捕食作用率(E)与异色瓢虫成虫密度(P)的关系为E=23.648 6P-0.220 9。     

花铃期增温对棉花干物重累积的影响及其生理机制

以遗传背景相近的棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)品种泗棉3号和泗杂3号为材料,于2010年在南京农业大学牌楼试验站(118º50′E, 32º02′N)模拟全球温室化气候,研究花铃期增温对棉花干物质累积的影响及其生理机制。结果显示,增温2~3℃(龄期日均温33.5~35.2℃)的条件下,主茎功能叶SPAD值降低,蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)上升,但净光合速率(P_n)下降;棉铃对位叶可溶性蛋白含量大幅上升(Δ%>50%)、可溶性糖及可溶性氨基酸含量小幅下降(P<0.05)、C/N值显著下降(P<0.05);叶片POD、CAT活性大幅下降、MDA含量显著上升;泗杂3号相关指标变化幅度较泗棉3号小。说明尽管2~3℃的增温幅度较小,但在花铃期日均温(33.5~35.2℃)的条件下,植株已处于显著的热胁迫状态,光合产物累积能力受到抑制,棉铃对位叶光合产物输出能力显著下降, 棉株总干物质累积量下降20%左右;增温条件下植株水分吸收能力下降并因此受到一定程度的水分胁迫,但此条件下光合能力下降主要由非气孔因子所致,与叶片膜结构的严重受损关系密切;泗杂3号抗高温能力高于泗棉3号。     

广西九龙瀑布群国家森林公园风景资源评价与开发

在对广西九龙瀑布群国家森林公园旅游资源实地调查的基础上,利用《中国森林公园风景资源质量等级评定》（GB/T18005—1999）的国家标准对森林公园的风景资源质量进行定量评价。结果表明,九龙瀑布群国家森林公园的风景资源质量等级评定分值为41.78分,为一级森林公园风景资源,具有很高的观赏游憩价值和旅游开发价值。     

截形苜蓿蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质组学研究是功能基因组研究的重要手段.简述了蛋白质组学研究的概念和主要技术,详述了蛋白质组学在截形苜蓿组织或细胞器蛋白质组成、生长发育、响应生物和非生物胁迫等方面应用研究成果,分析了存在的问题与发展前景.     

Molecular genetics of the adrenocortical axis and breeding for robustness

The concept of robustness refers to the combination of a high production potential and a low sensitivity to environmental perturbations. The importance of robustness-related traits in breeding objectives is progressively increasing toward the production of animals with a high production level in a wide range of climatic conditions and production systems, together with a high level of animal welfare. Current strategies to increase robustness include selection for "functional traits," such as skeletal and cardiovascular integrity, disease resistance, and mortality at various stages. It is also possible to use global evaluation of sensitivity to the environment (eg reaction norm analysis or canalization), but these techniques are difficult to implement in practice. The glucocorticoid hormones released by the adrenal cortex exert a wide range of effects on metabolism, the cardiovascular system, inflammatory processes, and brain function, for example. Protein catabolism toward energy production and storage (lipids and glycogen) supports their pivotal role in stress responses aiming at the adaptation and survival of individuals under strong environmental pressure. Large individual variations have been described in adrenocortical axis activity, with important physiopathological consequences. In terms of animal production, higher cortisol levels have negative effects on growth rate and feed efficiency and increase the fat:lean ratio of carcasses. On the contrary, cortisol has positive effects on functional traits and adaptation. Intense selection for lean tissue growth and more generally high protein output during the past decades has concomitantly reduced cortisol production, which may be responsible for the negative effects of selection on functional traits. In this paper, we review experimental evidence suggesting that the balance between production and functional traits was modified in favor of improved robustness by selecting animals with higher adrenocortical axis activity, as well as the molecular genetic tools that can be used to fine-tune this objective.     

木薯遗传图谱16号连锁群与其细胞学图谱的整合

利用荧光原位PCR技术体系整合木薯的分子遗传图谱,将16号连锁群上的NS376和SSRY86标记定位到华南6号木薯的染色体上,结果表明:这2个标记均能在华南6号不同时期的细胞上检测到1个信号.结合核型分析,将NS376标记定位在华南6号的第4号染色体的短臂上,扩增位点到着丝粒的百分距离是31.25,将SSRY86标记定位在第4号染色体的长臂上,扩增位点到着丝粒的百分距离是75.86.NS376和SSRY86 2个标记位于木薯的同一对染色体上,并且分别位于该染色体的两端,进一步揭示了16号连锁群对应的是木薯的4号染色体.